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Antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin) · LL37

LL-37 dosing — research-only context

The only LL-37 doses ever tested in humans were topical concentrations of 0.5, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/mL applied to leg ulcers — and the highest one worked worst. There is no injected dose in the literature at all.

Educational only
This page is educational and not medical advice. See the medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Quick facts

Family
Healing / anti-inflammatory
About
Human cathelicidin-derived peptide discussed for roles in innate immunity and tissue defense, largely in experimental contexts.
Educational — not a prescription

LL-37 is a research-stage peptide with no approved human dosing. The only human data come from topical wound trials; injected amounts discussed online are anecdotal and uncited. This page is for education, not a personal protocol.

What has actually been dosed in a person

LL-37 has been given to humans in two published trials, both as a topical preparation applied to hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers, and both expressed as a concentration in milligrams per millilitre rather than a systemic milligram dose. No published study has administered LL-37 by injection to a person, so there is no human injectable dose to report — not a low one, not a cautious one, none.

The trial concentrations, and the inverted curve

The 2014 first-in-man study (Grönberg et al., Wound Repair and Regeneration; PMID 25041740) enrolled 34 participants, ran a 3-week open-label placebo run-in, then a 4-week randomized double-blind phase of twice-weekly topical application at 0.5, 1.6, or 3.2 mg/mL, followed by 4 weeks of follow-up. The reported results:

  • 0.5 mg/mL — healing rate constant roughly sixfold higher than placebo (p=0.003); mean ulcer area down 68%.
  • 1.6 mg/mL — roughly threefold higher than placebo (p=0.088); mean ulcer area down 50%.
  • 3.2 mg/mLno difference in healing versus placebo.

The lowest concentration performed best and the highest performed like nothing at all. That is not a dosing curve where more is more, and it matches the biophysics: LL-37 is cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells at 13–25 µM while killing bacteria near 5 µM (PMID 9452503).

The follow-on phase IIb, HEAL LL-37 (PMID 34687253), carried forward only the two lower strengths, 0.5 and 1.6 mg/mL, in 148 patients alongside compression therapy — and found no significant healing benefit over placebo in the full population, with a post hoc signal limited to wounds of at least 10 cm². Both strengths were well tolerated.

What community sources report

Commonly reported schemas in peptide-community material, none traceable to a published study:

  • Subcutaneous amounts described somewhere between tens of micrograms and a few milligrams per administration, with wide disagreement between sources.
  • No consistent frequency, cycle length, or endpoint.
  • Framing that treats a higher amount as a stronger effect — which the trial data specifically contradict.

These figures describe what people report doing. They are not doses in any evidentiary sense.

Route and handling

The studied route is topical application to an open wound bed, twice weekly, in a formulated preparation. In laboratory settings LL-37 is supplied as a lyophilized powder and reconstituted; it is degraded by digestion if swallowed. Where a powder is reconstituted, the delivered amount is set by how much diluent is added, and syringe units measure volume rather than milligrams — a routine source of order-of-magnitude error.

One additional handling fact matters for this peptide specifically: human serum inhibits both its antibacterial and its cytotoxic activity (PMID 9452503), so behaviour in a vial, on a wound, and in circulation are three different situations.

Why the "how much" question is unusually consequential here

For most research peptides, uncertainty about dose means uncertainty about whether anything happens. For LL-37 it also means uncertainty about which direction. The same peptide is used experimentally to induce injury models, and elevated cathelicidin is the mechanism behind rosacea inflammation (PMID 17676051) and psoriatic interferon activation (PMID 17873860). With no approved label, no verified product concentration, and a documented inverted dose-response in the one trial that tested a range, any concrete decision belongs inside a formal research protocol with qualified oversight.

Keep reading

Key studies

Curated primary literature for LL37. Links open the publisher or PubMed record in a new tab.

  1. Evaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: A multicentric prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trialPubMed
  2. Treatment with LL-37 is safe and effective in enhancing healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialPubMed
  3. LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptidesPubMed
  4. Increased serine protease activity and cathelicidin promotes skin inflammation in rosaceaPubMed

Search the literature

PubMed · ClinicalTrials.gov · Google Scholar