Overview
The evidence base for Vitamin B12 can span preclinical work, early human data, and—where applicable—larger clinical trials. The strength and maturity of that evidence determine how confidently clinicians and researchers talk about its effects.
Key evidence themes
- Preclinical models exploring mechanisms and proof-of-concept.
- Early human or pilot data, if available.
- Larger controlled trials for molecules with formal indications.
Context and caveats
When reviewing literature on Vitamin B12, it is important to consider study design, endpoints, sample size, and duration, as well as how closely study populations match real-world use. Marketing narratives frequently move faster than rigorous evidence.